Racial Profiling Based Upon Ethnicity and National Origin ...

To what extent can race, ethnicity, and national origin be used in targeting suspects for stops, searches, and arrests? This has become a growing concern of many since the tragic terrorist acts that took place on September 11th, 2001. Previously looked upon as unethical and almost universally condemned, the use of profiles based solely on race to identify possible terrorists is getting a second look. Both proponents and opponents are looking at the legitimacy and necessity of this practice. The United States has fought a long and difficult battle against racism and discrimination. Lives have been lost and many liberties have been infringed upon in the search for racial equality. Now that the 21st century as arrived, a large†¦show more content†¦As we try to answer the proposed question we will look at racial profiling from both sides. A country must take certain measures to ensure the safety of its people. Some argue that in order to protect citizens from acts of ter rorism, various individual freedoms must be sacrificed. Others feel that if we as a nation volunteer to relinquish our freedoms, the federal government will proceed to shred additional individual rights. Like most young Americans, I remember a time of peace. Certainly there was the Cold War with Russia and Desert Storm in Iraq, but for the most part we have not had to deal with casualties of a major war. The freedoms I have are sacred to me; to limit any of them would limit my trust in the federal governments actions in foreign affairs. On the other hand, I believe in protecting the citizens of the United States from harm on home soil. Many analysts, including former CIA Director James Woolsey, believe that the Iraq campaign is really just the start of the 4th World War and one that will undoubtedly last for decades. A lengthy war waged against numerous individual enemies will most certainly bring an amplified outbreak of terrorism to the United States. In this paper I will use the term race defined as a division of mankind possessing traits that are transmissible by descent and sufficient to characterize it as a distinct human type (Webster). A profile is a coherent set of facts, known conditions and observable behaviorShow MoreRelatedRacial Profiling in Different Ways791 Words   |  3 PagesRacial Profiling has been used by law enforcement officials from early 60’s during the civil rights movement. The term â€Å"racial profiling† which was introduced to criticize abusive police practices against people of different race, ethnicity or national origin. One must assess how to understand the practice, and how to keep it distinct from other issues. 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Racial Profiling occurs across the United States and an overwhelming number of Hispanics and African Americans, including children, are being stopped. Some may say â€Å"racial profiling is an ineffective and degrading practice that violates civil rights† while others say that it is â€Å"necessary to counter terrorism and reduce crime.† In myRead MoreRacial Profiling by Law Enforcement Essay756 Words   |  4 Pagesis racial profiling? Racial profiling is a law enforcement and security agency practice that encourages officers to stop, search, and investigate people based on race, ethnicity, nationality or religion . While racial profiling is most commonly committed against ethnic minorities, many instances of racial profiling occur in reaction to specific crimes, making any racial or cultural group subject to more intensive scrutiny by the authorities. (ebscohost.com) This is what I think bout racial profilingRead MoreRacial Profiling And The War On Terrorism1341 Words   |  6 Pages Racial Profiling applied in the War on Terrorism Ian J Watterson HSM 311: Ethics Homeland Security Instructor: Christina Spoons July 13th, 2017 Racial profiling is a futile method in preventing domestic and international terrorism. But regardless of this fact, the United States has attempted to employ this technique in its counter-terror and espionage efforts dating back as early as World War II. And as long as this has been present in has been a point of contention and discussionRead More An Argument Against Racial Profiling Essay1129 Words   |  5 Pageswhether or not racial profiling is legal. Racial profiling is not an effective law enforcement tool. -- Eric Holder, 82nd Attorney General of the United States Before any argument can be made against racial profiling, it is important to understand what racial profiling is. The American Civil Liberties Union, defines racial profiling as the discriminatory practice by law enforcement officials of targeting individuals for suspicion of crime based on the individuals race, ethnicity, religion orRead MoreRacial Profiling And The United States1949 Words   |  8 Pages Racial Profiling Post 9/11 Rusat Ramgopal CRJBS 101 John Jay College Professor Gary Wright August 4, 2016 Racial Profiling Post 9/11 On September 11, 2001, nineteen hijackers associated with the terrorist group Al-Qaeda attacked the United States. They flew two planes into the World Trade Center and also attacked the Pentagon resulting in

Best Practice Companies Training in the Airline Industry Free Essays

string(119) " much of the first two weeks, and while a lot of the training is in separate classes, there is still a lot of overlap\." After September 11th, there was a great deal of turmoil in the airline industry as a tremendous amount of money was needed to be allocated toward other things such as security enhancements. As a result, most airlines cut back costs in other departments, especially in the department of training. However, some airlines deemed training their employees effectively to be pertinent to their development, and thus decided to enhance their training programs to provide a more long term benefit. We will write a custom essay sample on Best Practice Companies: Training in the Airline Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is part of what contributed to the title of a â€Å"best practice company† for many of these airlines. They recognized training as not only a fundamental part of human resource management but also for their growth and reputation. Training offers a way of developing skills, enhancing productivity and quality of work, and building worker loyalty to the firm, and most importantly, increasing individual and organizational performance to achieve business results. Training is widely accepted as an employee benefit and a method of improving employee morale, and enhancing employee skills has become a business imperative. Increasingly, managers and leaders realize that the key to business growth and success is through developing the skills and knowledge of its workforce. The best practice companies we observed included Southwest Airlines, Jetblue, British Airways, Singapore Airlines, and Virgin Atlantic Airways; all of which have made it on the Fortune 500 list of â€Å"Most admired Companies†. We came to the conclusion that these five airlines can be seen as best practice companies in the field of training, due to their dedication in providing high quality training, their innovative training tactics, and their emphasis on training in customer service. Dedication To Providing High Quality Training as a Means to Being a Best Practice Company: The superior quality of training is something in which these airlines take a great deal of pride in, and has been achieved through employee motivation and an intensive amount of learning. Three of the airlines including Southwest, Jetblue, and British Airways actually have â€Å"training universities† in which every employee is expected to attend. Some classes are standard for everyone in the workforce, while others cater to specific jobs, such as pilots, stewards, ground workers, etc. Employee’s are paid for the time they spend in class at these designated schools and will typically work forty hour weeks doing so. All five of these airlines cater to the learning development of their employee’s, to ensure complete knowledge of the company and their specific job. Dedication To Providing High Quality Training: Southwest Airlines The key to success in any organization is motivation, the ability to rally a group of people behind a specific goal. When motivation is in place employee’s engage in low absenteeism and job satisfaction, to name a few. Herb Kelleher, the founder and creator of Southwest Airlines has been able to do just this through many ways such as implementing training and career development programs. As many people have heard Southwest does not hire for skills but rather attitude and personality. Before considering if you would like to be employed you must first ask yourself, â€Å"Am I motivated? † if not there is a great chance you will not be hired. Not having all of the correct skills on the other hand is not something to worry about seeing how Southwest will train you for the skills needed. ‘It is the people; it has always had to do with their selection,† Heskett says. †They are selected primarily for attitude, and most people primarily select for skills. They have a particular view for people who will fit into a team-oriented organization and the airline industry is team-oriented. If you have people pointing fingers, you have problems† (people. bu. edu). Southwest has develo ped their own training program which they have named the â€Å"University for People. † This school is based in Dallas out of the Love Field Airport. , more specifically within an old airplane hanger. Within this hanger employee’s engage in a significant amount of role-play. For example someone might get to play the pissed off customer whose flight just got cancelled or the mother traveling with her children. The whole center has been designed to facilitate learning in real life situations. â€Å"The University for People is where new recruits are sent for orientation and indoctrination into Southwest’s culture. They get to see video footage of Herb Kelleher, Southwest’s legendary founder, dressed as Elvis at a company party and otherwise carrying on. † (key. om) Southwest is an organization that believes in continuous learning therefore Southwest’s â€Å"individual employees become ‘international learns’ who look to learn in everyday experiences rather than occasional classes† (ccp. com). The main purpose of the University for People is to introduce and enforce hard work, high-energy, fun, local autonomy, and creativity. Dedi cation To Providing High Quality Training: JetBlue Airlines JetBlue, which has only been in existence since 1999, has learned the training practices of many other airline companies to formulate its very own unique program, and has since been extremely effective. JetBlue established its own universities to ensure that people were properly trained; they have the College of Flight, the College of In-flight, and the College of Customer Service (Wynbrandt134). Third, the company consciously evaluates employees, including management and gives them feedback. Once hired, pilots and flight attendants are sent to Florida for three weeks for their training. JetBlue’s philosophy on training is creating the best working environment so the crew is motivated to work for the company. The Chief Learning Officer at JetBlue University shares the training viewpoint behind the company. At JetBlue U, our goal is to provide our crew members the tools they need to succeed. These tools include the technical aspects of each crew member’s responsibilities†¦ and inculcation of our crew members in our unique corporate culture† (Sosbe). Many airline companies have separate training sessions for pilots and flight attendants, because the nature of their training material is very different. However, JetBlue tired something different, â€Å"Flight attendants and pilots are together for much of the first two weeks, and while a lot of the training is in separate classes, there is still a lot of overlap. You read "Best Practice Companies: Training in the Airline Industry" in category "Papers" Most airlines keep the two employee groups strictly apart. † This process of putting the two groups together is a strategic method of JetBlue who believes that â€Å"analysis of accidents have revealed that lives have been saved when the crews were comfortable with one another† (Peterson 184). The first week of JetBlue U is about crew culture. They use icebreakers and activities to bond the flight attendants and pilots. They then go over Federal Aviation Administration or FAA regulations. They have a lifestyle lecture, â€Å"the vagaries of drugs and booze awareness, and even hair and makeup pointers† (Peterson190). Each crew member must follow the appearance standards. From the second week on, the flight attendants and pilots divide into their different areas of focus. Dedication To Providing High Quality Training: British Airways British Airways, which is the largest airline in the United Kingdom, and considered one of the largest in Europe, is a best practice company because of the in depth way they train their employees. They put time and effort into educating their pilots, flight attendants, and other company personnel. They go above and beyond the required amount of training. They have even created their own university, and incorporate real life simulators as a training component. According to 2006 Fortune 500 Magazine British Airways ranked seventh under the airline industry category, British Airways is, â€Å"catching the competition wide awake. † British Airways is always finding ways to make their company more profitable. According to Oracle press, â€Å"British Airways is using a new, comprehensive learning offering from Oracle to create a global learning programs for its 48,000 employees. † This company has taken pride in making the best company it can be. Dedication To Providing High Quality Training: Singapore Airlines Singapore Airlines is one of the most renowned companies in the world and is ranked in Fortune as number seventeen in the year 2007 list of â€Å"World’s Most Admired companies. Singapore Airlines’ CEO, Chew Choon Seng, attributes his company’s success to their extensive training programs. â€Å"Training is a necessity, not an option. It is not to be dispensed with when times are bad†¦ Training is forever. No-one is too young to be trained. † As you can see, there is no one in the company that is not trained extensively. This keeps everyone in the business on their toes and ready to handle any situation. Mrs Lam Seet Mui, Singapore Airlines’ Senior Manager for Human Resource development, talks about two types of training that Singapore Airlines does. Essentially we do two types of training, functional training and general management type training. Functional training is about equipping people with the skills to do their job, to make them technically competent and confident as possible†¦ The general management training has to do with the softer skills. † Within these two groups, Singapore Airlines trains about 9,000 annually, the same amount as the National University in Singapore. Their courses are usually short and concise, and they feel that this allows them to be efficient and stay committed. (www2. arwick. ac. uk) To share the latest ideas and newest training techniques, Singapore Airlines brings together 50 executives from different departments all over the world. When the executives return they have all been exposed to the latest ideas and should be prepared to be a role model for the changes being made to better the company. (Fung) Dedication To Providing High Quality Training: Virgin Atlantic Airways Virgin Atlantic Airlines has only been around since 1984 and has managed to become the second largest airline in the United Kingdom. (Branson 185) Virgin Atlantic has been formerly recognized on many occasions for its excellence in training. In 2005 they won the regional final of the National Training Awards. The awards acknowledge outstanding and lasting excellence and success through training. Dr Graeme Hall, Chief Executive of UK Skills, who runs the National Training Awards on behalf of the Department for Education and Skills, says, â€Å"Effective training will help create a more effective, productive and flexible workforce. The message to UK Plc is simple: invest in training to gain a true competitive advantage. Meanwhile, Virgin staff are happier and more motivated, and attrition is down. (Jackson 25) Like the other airlines, Virgin is committed to instilling a great deal of learning into the minds of their employees. This is accomplished by outlining the company framework, and using a variety of techniques to teach, with an emphasis on e-learning. Although Virgin Atlantic Airlines does not have a so called â€Å"unive rsity† to train its employee’s, it does have a general training facility used to employ all of its staff and specializes in individual e-learning. One of the groups Virgin is most noteable for training is their management team. After the major descent in air travel following the attacks of 9/11, Virgin Atlantic went through a period of intense growth. The management team however, was not quite ready to take on such a period of rapid growth or to respond to new opportunities which may unwillingly present themselves. Branson also found it keen to increase the amount of management vacancies that were filled internally, to safeguard Virgin’s work culture. In order to provide a resolution to this shortcoming, â€Å"Virgin decided to send all of its 120 managers on personal development workshops at Roffey Park, at a cost of ?2,000 to ?3,000 per head†. (Bringing out the Branson) The workshops began with individual coaching sessions that set personal development objectives for the managers, based on feedback from the 360-degree appraisal and personality tests. These were followed by a series of activities that aimed to instil Virgin’s leadership principles into management behavior. The program finished by producing individual personal development plans and split each group into two sets of six managers, who met up six times over the next nine months to monitor their own progress and bounce ideas off each other. (â€Å"Bringing out the Branson†) Innovative Training Tactics as a Means to Being a Best Practice Company: Another distinguishing feature of these airlines is the innovative practices used to train their employees. A typical day of training will use an extremely wide variety of ways to enforce and encourage productive learning. These techniques include: on-the-job training; apprenticeship training; role playing, scenario building, classroom training; and electronic learning, which may involve interactive Internet-based training, multimedia programs, distance learning, satellite training, other computer-aided instructional technologies, videos, simulators, conferences, and workshops. We noticed that the majority of the innovative training has been used for the pilots as many airlines have taken advantage of today’s great technology to provide an excellent source of simulated training. Also, with the release of the new aircrafts, such as the airbus, there has been an increase in providing new training tactics to meet the quality of the new aircrafts. Innovative Training Tactics: JetBlue JetBlue has been all over the media for its developments in pilot training. Special training for pilots is given to ensure they know the newest technology and procedures. In 2005, JetBlue signed a contract to send their pilots to College of Flight were they are trained by experienced professionals at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. â€Å"The agreement calls for Embry-Riddle to deliver the ‘Initial Training Course’ (TS1) and the ‘Recurrent Training Course’ (TS2) to JetBlue’s ‘College of Flight’ instructors beginning in early 2006. The instruction is designed to enrich the pilot training programs for JetBlue’s fleet of Airbus and Embraer aircraft† (Embry-Riddle). JetBlue wants to equip its pilots with the most current information. As part of the plan, all current and new JetBlue flight instructors will be taking introductory and advanced courses designed to boost teaching effectiveness for instructors who provide academic and simulator training to front-line pilots† (Embry-Riddle). A major difference between JetBlue’s training programs compared to other airlines is JetBlue pays its employees for their time during trainings. â€Å"Certain other big airlines, when they hire pilots, they say ‘you’re privileged to work for us, so we’re not going to pay you while you’re in training. Moreover] we’re going to make your pay for your own hotel [during your training]. ’ And then little wonder people come out of the class mad because they had to borrow money or they had to sacrifice, and they didn’t really respect the company because they took advantage of them† (Wynbrandt135). JetBlue not only pays their pilots, but pays for all of their accommodations while training. JetBlue makes their employees feel like they are cared about. An important role in their training is feeling like they are wanted. Pilots sign a five year contract guaranteeing them employment, which doesn’t allow the company to lay them off. According to Neeleman, the net result is â€Å"employees are convinced the airline cares about them† (Wynbrandt135). Upon graduation from the University there is a final exam to test each crew member on the knowledge they have acquired. There is a graduation ceremony and many crew members have flights that depart the next morning. â€Å"They’ll be training two groups a month, cranking out the crew members at the rate of nearly one hundred a month† (Peterson 199). Innovative Training Tactics: British Airways British Airways has developed an extensive training program for both their fight attendants, and pilots. They have developed flight simulators to make their training program tangible. The flight simulators offer joint aviation instruction. Their flight simulators make up the biggest Boeing training center outside of the United States. They are using the most worlds most advanced technology to make the simulators create real world situations. The simulation training includes use with Boeing and Airbus Airplanes. They include work with Boeing 747, Boeing 777, Boeing 767, Boeing 757, Boeing 737, and Airbus A320. British Airways has also included pilot, ground school, and cabin safety to their training programs. Their ground school teaches JAR approval aircraft type-technical courses. They are computer based training and used in every day work. Each class that they offer is two hours long. The classes incorporate scans, procedures, and relevant aspects of the company. The pilots that take the class are tested every three days to make sure they are on task, and have understanding of the course material. The course generally last ten to twelve days, and in order to enroll in the course they are asked to take a pre-course for two to three days on flight management computers. British Airways also uses a number of approaches to prepare their cabin crew for emergency situations. They are trained in cabin safety in areas that include: fire and smoke, wet drills, slide descents, and door operation. They are trained on any and all of the different planes that they fly, so that they are familiar with all of British Airways fleet. Each area of training for safety focuses on different situations. For cabin simulators they teach the crew about skills and how to deal with any emergency situation. They start with the fire and smoke training. The crew is training how to deal with a plane fire emergency. They are given realistic simulation on first and they are taught how to with them in a orderly fashion. They then move on to the wet drills. For this drill the crew is taught how to operate a life jacket, and they are taught how to help the passengers in a water landing. The last set of training workshops that the crew goes through is door operations. In this class they are taught how to use the exist doors and cabin doors. Innovative Training Tactics: Virgin Atlantic Airways Virgin Atlantic Airways utilizes the company Canadian Aviation Electronics (CAE), which is a worldly renown company that provides â€Å"customized training services for pilots and maintenance technicians ranging from integrated programs to deployable ground school capabilities and e-learning solutions. Their philosophy is to â€Å"enhance clients’ safety and efficiency and provide clients a training environment where they can continuously pursue a practical and operational learning experience through new and innovative technology. † (â€Å"Simulation Products†) There are five different simulator programs in which CAE uses to train pilots, one of which is a simple piece of CD-Rom software which can used at any computer. The other four programs involves the u se of a large piece of machinery which utilize programs and are operated by controls that are similar if not identical to what pilots would typically be exposed to when operating an aircraft. The great thing about this new wave of training is that it is extremely hands on and interactive, and it caters to individual learning and progress. Whether the pilot in training is at home or at the training facility using the flight simulators, they can progress at their own pace, which ultimately maximizes learning. Each program is divided into a number of sections or chapters which contains an exam at the end to make sure that the information has been retained. Another great feature about CAE’s flight simulators is they even use satellite technology to display current weather conditions across the world, so that the pilot will be prepared to fly in any type of climate. In addition to using actual weather conditions, there are 3D synthetic environments used in every visual system. CAE has been able to make quite the name for itself over the past few years, as it has become a standard training program for the military, has been adopted by a number of other airlines, and has revolutionized human resource management in the field of training and development. â€Å"Simulation Products†) Virgin Atlantic Airways has been recently been labeled as one of the most innovative airlines in the world for their plan to send a select few of their best pilots to have the opportunity to go through astronaut pilot training. In the article titled â€Å"Virgin Atlantic Pilots Are Out of This World,† it was quoted that all 700 of Virgin Atlan ic’s pilots are welcomed to apply and those who are chosen â€Å"will receive nine months of aerobatic, fast jet and executive aircraft for zero gravity flights training. They will then spend the next nine months flying the mothership and participating in Mission Control work – the last nine months will be spent flying Virgin Galactic Spaceships into space. Once they have completed their 27 month secondment they will return to Virgin Atlantic as qualified pilot astronauts. â€Å" (Virgin Pilots Are Out of This World With Virgin Galactic) Emphasis on Training in Customer Service as a Means to Being a Best Practice Company Perhaps one of the most significant contributing factors of these companies success is their emphasis on customer service. All of these airlines recognize the importance in training their employees in providing excellent customer service in order to achieve customer satisfaction and retention. Although spending excess time training in this field is expensive, the long term benefits are substantial as they build a clientel more willing to invest their time and money with the airline which pleases them the most. Emphasis on Training in Customer Service: Southwest Airlines â€Å"The mission of Southwest Airlines is dedication to the highest quality of Customer Service delivered with a sense of warmth, friendliness, individual pride, and Company Spirit† (southwest. om). By following their mission created by founder and former CEO Herb Kelleher, Southwest literally has taken off and become a model for a best practices industry. This dedication has led Southwest to develop 10 organizational practices that facilitate the coordination among 12 distinct functions: pilots, flights attendants, gate agents, ticketing agents, operations agents, ramp agents, baggage transfer agents, cargo agents, mechanics, uelers, aircraft cleaners, and caters by building relationships of shared goals, shared knowledge, and mutual respect (coachingandmentoring. com). Emphasis on Training in Customer Service: British Airways British Airways serves as an example for other companies because they have a good grasp on what to do to make their customers and employees happy. According to EMCOR, British Airways focuses on, â€Å"serving its customers by getting people where they need to go. † If every airline took pride in their customers like British Airways, the airline industry would run smoother. British Airways customer relations department talked about how they take pride in their customer service, â€Å"we try to ensure you have a good experience when you travel with British Airways†¦ we do our best to respond to you quickly and appropriately. † Emphasis on Training in Customer Service: Singapore Airlines Singapore Airlines also places a strong emphasis on customer service training, especially for the stewards and stewardess’s, then they must go through two interviews and a written test to even get an offer. After the offer each person must go through four months of training to be prepared to handle the toughest of situations. Some sections of this training includes Food and beverage knowledge, passenger handling, language and communication skills, and safety equipment procedures. Knowing the food and beverage is important because it is important to be able to tell each customer what they are eating on the flight. Passenger handling deals with how to respond to different customers. This includes making sure that each customer is happy and knowing how to satisfy them if they look upset. This also has to do with communication skills. The easiest way to find out how a passenger’s flight is going is to ask them. Since there are many passengers this must be done in a timely and orderly fashion. (www. worksingapore. com) Emphasis on Training in Customer Service: Virgin Atlantic Airways Virgin Airways uses a great deal of scenario building to help their employee’s achieve the highest customer satisfaction. When in training, they will divide the room into groups, each of which includes a current employee who has experienced a situation where a customer was upset with them. The current employee acts as the enraged or frustrated customer, and the other trainees are evaluated based on the way they handle the distressful situation. Afterwards they are given constructive criticism on how they can improve. (Jackson 220). Virgin Airways pays a lot of attention to their customers and emphasizes on providing an excellent customer experience. â€Å"Superior customer service and stress-free travel are two things that our travelers have come to expect from Virgin Atlantic,† said Chris Rossi, Vice President Sales and Marketing, North America. (Branson 78) Interview with Mark Swigonski: After bringing all of our research together, we decided that Southwest would be the best airline to conduct an interview with, since they seem to have the strongest emphasis on both employee and customer satisfaction. We managed to find a Southwest pilot by the name of Mark Swigonski who has been an active pilot for well over ten years now. We asked Mark via email â€Å"What do you think about airlines trying to model Southwest and their best practices within the same industry or different industries? † He replied †The economic plan is a model for any industry. Stimulate sales by making your product more affordable for more people. Instead of making a large profit on a few sales, make a small profit on lots of sales, thereby stimulating the business. Southwest airlines has made air travel affordable for the average American. People who would never dream of flying before can now afford to. Herb says we do not compete with other airlines, we compete with the automobile. One more story. When Southwest first started, the price of a ticket on Continental from Dallas Love to Houston Hobby was $220. Southwest charged $19. People came to Herb and said why don’t you just charge $50, you’re still a quarter of the price. Herb answered, we will never do that. We will charge what we need to, to make a profit and never a cent more. We are going to stimulate traffic. Southwest still works that way. We also asked â€Å"What would be an anticipated obstacle if companies model this, and are there any financial costs and/or benefits? † He replied, â€Å"It’s embarrassing. When you start up an airline and have no first class, no assigned seating, and say you can’t afford to buy something, it is embarrassing. If you can’t afford it, you can’t buy it. You just have to have the self discipline to abide by that rule. You also need patience to wait for the correct market opportunities. Southwest currently has a couple of billion in the bank, waiting for an opportunity. They are in no hurry and will buy airplanes when the price is right, but not before. Three airlines have gone out of business in the last week. The opportunity will be there soon and Southwest will capitalize when the time is right. That takes a great deal of fiscal discipline. Conclusion: Implications and How Other Companies Can Benefit From These Training Tactics Based on the evaluation of our five airline companies, we analyzed how other companies both within and outside of the industries could provide a benefit, and what costs may be associated. We realized that some of the short term implications are the high costs associated with providing such a dedicated training program. These extra costs include what is necessary to run the outside training universities as seen with Southwest, JetBlue, and British Airways. Within the training universities are all of the expenses necessary to use all of the innovative techniques such as the expensive simulative training and all of the software needed for that, as well as the online training programs used both inside and outside of the classroom. These airlines are also responsible for paying all of the highly qualified people who instruct these training courses. The extra time spent in training is also very costly, especially since many of these airlines make some of the training practicum standard for everyone, regardless of their future occupation with the company. Clearly, there are a great deal of costs incurred when running such an extensive training program that is so heavily focused on the employees. However, we concluded that the long term benefits actually outweigh any of these initial costs, because not only will the turn over rate decrease, but business will grow as there will be a more dedicated workforce. More training will prepare all employees for different situations and make them more competent workers. It will also weed out people who do not want to dedicate themselves to the job, making it easier to identify people that actually want to be there. With better workers the company should notice a more efficient use of its resources and it will eventually make up what it lost on the cost of training through more profit in the long run. Maybe a person will be able to help four more customers a day after being trained longer. Four more customers a day adds up over the years to unbelievable amounts of profit. Or perhaps a person gains a better understanding of how to make a machine work more efficiently and can make more products quicker than before. A dedication to training goes hand in hand with a company that succeeds over its competitors. If other companies wish to adopt a training model as extensive as these five airlines, then they must be prepared to take the risk in engulfing an extensive amount of costs, but be aware of all the positive outcomes and benefits which will result. After analyzing the qualities that make these five airlines best practice companies we determined that there are several similarities, however, each airline had a distinguishing trait that gave their company an identity. Southwest is most distinguished for its belief in the idea that if employees are happy, then customers are happy. They focus nearly all of their time and energy in creating a motivational environment to encourage employee satisfaction which eventually transcends to customer satisfaction. British Airways is most notable for their incredibly high standards in training practicum. They call for a rigorous training program so as to achieve only the most qualified employee’s. Singapore Airlines strives to be the best in every aspect, whether it be in providing the best customer service, best food, most comfortable seating, or best employee motivation tactics. Singapore believes strongly in the idea that there is always room for improvement. JetBlue is successful in their attempts to standardize education and encourage a solid learning environment in their training practices. They incorporate five core values—safety, caring, integrity, fun and passion—into every aspect of education. They also provide centralized crew-member education in common topics with common courses, creating a strong team orientation and commitment to a greater corporate good. (Sosbe). Virgin Atlantic Airways is most well known constant strive to be innovative in all aspects of the company, whether it be using the most technologically advanced tools for training, or being the first airline to train pilots for space travel. From these five remarkable characteristics, we formulated three main points which were used throughout the paper to draw in the primary defining similarities of these best practice companies. These main points included a dedication in providing high quality training, innovative training tactics, and an emphasis on training in customer service. How to cite Best Practice Companies: Training in the Airline Industry, Papers

How Scarcity force an individual to incur opportunity costs- Assignmen

Question 1 a) a) Explain why scarcity forces individuals and society to incur opportunity costs. Give specific examples. Answer 1 a) Scarcity andopportunity costcorrespond to two connecting thoughts ineconomicssince individuals and society have got to time and again select amongst scarce assets. on the whole, economic assets are not totally accessible constantly in unrestricted figures, as a result individuals and society have to make a selection regarding which possessions to utilize. The opportunity cost symbolizes the choice surrendered when selecting one source rather than any other. These two theories have a straight connection since, such as, companies might utilize a inferior class although additional accessible source for manufacturing merchandise. Question 1 b) Suppose a chocolate bar manufacturer promotes its products by advertising and opportunity to win a free car. Is this car free because the winner pays zero for it? Answer 1 b) The customers with the intention of boosting their opportunity to win the free car have remunerated in favour of the chocolate bar. Consequently jointly the buyers have together remunerated for car. The cost of the car is the price of the entire the chocolates. Question 1 c) Why is the production possibility frontier bowed outwards? Answer 1 c) The bowed out nature of the production possibility frontier is since some of the aspects of manufacture are better outfitted to manufacturing one thing as compared to what they are to manufacturing any other thing. such as, in case the two commodities are foodstuff and dresses, subsequently with the intention of manufacturing further attires, ultimately the the majority of dynamic farm land have to be owed to clothes manufacture consequently, the opportunity cost of making increasingly outsized amounts of clothes ascends as further attires are formed (Case and Fair, 2002). Question 2 a) Suppose you own a coffee shop. List some of fixed inputs and variable inputs you would use in operating the shop. Answer 2 a) Fixed inputs: Coffee shop, interiors (counter, chandeliers, chairs, furniture), coffee making machines Variable inputs: workers salaries, subcontractors (maintenance, security), computers Fixed expenses are free of manufacture. They happen each month even if there is n production. Variable costs take place simply in case of manufacture/sale. Question 2 b) Baubles and beads manufacturing produces 100 hammers per day. The total fixed cost for the plant is RM4000 per day and the total variable cost is RM1,300 per day. Calculate average fixed cost, average variable cost, average total cost and the total cost at the current output level. Answer 2 b) AFC= FC/production quantity = 4,000/100 = RM40 Average Variable cost= variable cost/quantity produced= 1,300/100 = RM13 Average Total Cost = Average fixed cost +Average variable cost= RM40+RM13= RM53 Total Coat= Variable cost +Fixed Cost= RM 1,300+ RM 4,000= RM 5,300 Question 2 c) Explain conditions under which labour might be treated as a variable cost and conditions under which it would be treated as a fixed cost. Answer 2 c) Fixed labour costs are some labour costs that will stay unvarying regardless of the manufacture intensity of the company. An illustration of fixed labour costs is executive remunerations. Variable labour costs are every labour costs that ascend or downwards with the amount of production. Illustrations of variable labour costs consist of overtime earnings and temporary employees salary. These are expenses that boost when fabrication boosts and fall with fall in fabrication. Question 3 a) Discuss the following statement. In the real world there is no industry which conforms precisely to the economists model of perfect competition. This means that the model is of little practical value. Answer 3 a) A trade with perfect competition has following features: Each and every organizations offer an indistinguishable item. Each and every organization is price-taker. Each and every organization has a moderately little piece of the overall industry. Purchasers know the way of the item being sold and the costs charged by every company. The business is described by liberty of entrance and way out These five prerequisites infrequently are present collectively in any single industry. Thus, perfect competition is hardly (if at any point) seen in this current time. For instance, the majority of items have a little level of differentiation. Indeed with an item as basic as filtered water, for instance, makers differ in the system of purging, item size, brand personality, and so on. Products, for instance, crude agrarian items, despite the fact that they can even now contrast regarding quality, appear closest to being indistinguishable, or possessing nil differentiation. At the point when an item does come to encompass zero differentiation, its industry is typically combined into a little number of substantial businesses, or an oligopoly. So, there are noteworthy barriers averting perfect competition as of emerging in current market. Question 3 b) Illustrate with a diagram and explain the short run perfectively competitive equilibrium for both the individual firm and the industry. Answer 3 b) In a short run perfectively competetive equilibrium, the solitary firm acquires its price as of the industry, moreover is, accordingly, known as aprice taker. The industry is compiled of each and every company in the industry and the market price is at the point at which market demand is identical to market supply. Every sole organization have to charge this price and cant deviate as of it. Source: Principles of Economics, Frank and Bernankes, 2001 Question 3 c) Illustrate with a diagram and explain the long run perfectly competitive equilibrium for the firm. Answer 3 c) In the long run businesses are pulled in into the industry in case the current businesses are making supernormal gains. This is on the grounds that there are no barriers to enter and in light of the fact that there is immaculate knowledge. The impact of this way to enter into the business is to move the business supply bend to the right side, which makes the fall in cost till the tip where all super-ordinary gains are depleted (Bordley, 2006). In case the organizations are making losses, they will leave the business sector as there are no barriers to go out of the segment, and this will move the business supply curve to the left, which lifts the price and empowers those remaining in the business sector to infer typical gains. Source: Principles of Economics, Frank and Bernankes, 2001 Question 4 a) Suppose the income elasticity of demand for pre recorded music compact disk is +7 and the income elasticity for a cabinet makers work is +0.7. Compare the impact on pre -recorded music compact disk and the cabinet makers work of a recession that reduces consumer income by 10 per cent. Answer 4 a) i) Compact disk Income elasticity of demand= %change in demand/%change in income 7 = x/10 %change in demand = 70% ii) Cabinet Makers Income elasticity of demand= %change in demand/%change in income `0.7=`x/10 %change in demand = 7% Question 4 b) How might you determine whether MP3 music player and the pre-recorded music compact discs are in competition with each other? Answer 4 b) This would be determined by cross elasticity of demand of MP3 music player and the pre-recorded music compact discs (Robert, 2008). Question 4 c) Interpret the following income elasticity of demand (YED) values for the following and state if the good is normal or inferior. Answer 4 c) YED = +0.85= Normal goods (Necessity Goods) since the YED is less than 1 YED = -2.4 = Inferior good- an raise in income will bring about a decrease in the demand and might cause transforms to extra lavish alternates. Question 4 d) Interpret the following cross price elasticity of demand (XED) and explain the relation between goods. Answer 4 d) XED = +0.85- two goods are substitutes since the XED0 XED = -4.5- two goods are supplements since XED References Bordley; McDonald. (2006). "Estimating Income Elasticities from the Average Income of a Product's Buyers and the Population Income Distribution".Journal of Business and Economic Statistics. Case, K.E. and Fair, R.C. (2002). Principles of Economics, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Frank, R.H. and Bernanke, B.S. (2001). Principles of Economics, New York: McGraw Hill/Irwin Perloff, J. (2008).Microeconomics Theory Applications with Calculus. Pearson. ISBN978-0-321-27794-7. Robert, F. (2008).Microeconomics and Behavior(7th ed.). McGraw-Hill.ISBN978-0-07-126349-8.

Physioex9.0 Ex8 free essay sample

Describe the significance of this result. __ pH 7. 0. Amylase is most active in neutral areas, such as the mouth and the small intestine (duodenum). __ 4. Briefly describe the need for controls and give an example used in this activity. __Controls are needed to validate the results of the experiment. One example is testing for sugar using Benedicts test on Amylase The negative control was used to detect if amylase was contaminated with maltose or not. __ 5. Describe the significance of using a 37Â °C incubation temperature to test salivary amylase activity. __37Â °C simulates an environment of normal body temperature. __ A C T I V I T Y 2 Exploring Amylase Substrate Specificity 1. Describe why the results in tube 1 and tube 2 are the same. _In tube #1 the amylase is hydrolyzing the starch to glucose, amp; in tube #2 the glucose is already present in the hydrolyzed form. __ 2. Describe the result in tube 3. How well did the results compare with your prediction? _ Amylase cannot digest cellulose, so tube #3 is not positive for Benedict’s test. We will write a custom essay sample on Physioex9.0 Ex8 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page __ 3. Describe the usual substrate for peptidase. _A protein (BAPNA in this experiment). __ 4. Explain how bacteria can aid in digestion. Bacteria can aid in digestion by breaking down cellulose with the enzyme cellulase, humans do not produce this enzyme. _ A C T I V I T Y 3 Assessing Pepsin Digestion of Protein 1. Describe the effect that boiling had on pepsin and how you could tell that it had that effect. _Boiling denatured the enzyme. You can tell because the protein was not digested in tube #1. There was no color change amp; a density of 0. __ 2. Was your prediction correct about the optimal pH for pepsin activity? Discuss the physiological correlation behind your results. _Yes. The optimum pH matches the pH secreted by gastric glands. Gastric juice is also close to pH 2. ___ 3. What do you think would happen if you reduced the incubation time to 30 minutes for tube 5? _This would reduce digestion in tube 5. __ A C T I V I T Y 4 Assessing Lipase Digestion of Fat 1. Explain why you can’t fully test the lipase activity in tube 5. _Measurement of lipase activity uses a decrease in pH. Because the pH in Tube #5 is already very low, it is hard to tell if fatty acids are released. __ 2. Which tube had the highest lipase activity? How well did the results compare with your prediction? Discuss possible reasons why it may or may not have matched. _Test tube #1 should have the highest activity because the pH is closest to that of the small intestine. __ 3. Explain why pancreatic lipase would be active in both the mouth and the intestine. _Pancreatic lipase is most active at pH 7. 0 The pH of the mouth is 7. 0 amp; the pH of the small intestine is close to 8. 0 so the enzyme would function in both places. ___ 4. Describe the process of bile emulsification of lipids and how it improves lipase activity. _Fat globules are separated into droplets by bile salts through an emulsification process which is physical not chemical, which promote lipase activity__

Raw Institutions Effects on Individuals Essays

Raw Institutions Effects on Individuals Essays Raw Institutions Effects on Individuals Essay Raw Institutions Effects on Individuals Essay Institutions may have varying effects on individuals. Discuss this statement with reference to Raw. The novel Raw, written by Scott Monk, shows that an institution may have varying effects on an individual. In this case the institution being The Farm. The aim of the institution, being to transform the bad ways/behaviours of the individual. The individuals are expected to be in compliance of the rules and expectations of the caretakers, Mary Sam. If the individuals protest to these, they can expect the consequences. The institution can have positive effects on the individuals, they can learn to trust respect, and treat people the right way. This can also backfire in some cases. The Farm is an institution run by Sam and Mary, referred to more as caretakers rather than wardens. It can have varying effects on individuals, as you can see with Josh, compared to Tyson, the outcome and effect on the different individuals is noticeably diverse. The Farm is not like a typical juvenile centre, it gives individuals an opportunity to make changes in themselves. The setup is a lot different, there are no gates, no cells, no bars on the windows, no guards. But there are rules that apply to all people staying at The Farm, which include, no fighting, no leaving the property, Sams decision is final, and no drugs. These rules are enforced with the consequences, if any of these rules are broken, not only will the person breaking them suffer the consequences, but the whole group of individuals will suffer from these actions as well. Whether the individuals choose to comply or protest against these, it will decide their future. So there are expectations to conform, as there is group pressure to obey the rules through the certain consequences. Sam also has an impact on the effect The Farm has on the individuals. He gives them advice, and believes in them, and if they use it and are respectful of him, it will only work to their advantage. The Farm has had a major impact on the key character, Brett Dalton. It has given him an opportunity to change his attitude to life and society. Bretts initial attitude was very cynical. He was a rude person, blames the world for everything, and doesnt consider the fact that it is his own fault for what happens to him. He refers to police as pigs on various occasions, he calls Sam the caretaker an old fool, and refers to The Farm as a pushover. Brett has a carefree attitude, and is always looking for a fight, especially when he first moved to The Farm. He thinks everyone is a joke and has no idea why everyone has so much respect and looks up to Sam, Sam this, Sam that, the were treating the guy like a king(pg. 69). He was the enemy, and you never got friendly with the enemy (pg. 20), Brett sees Sam as the enemy and is unwilling to change his attitude. Brett picks fights with Josh and other characters, as though he is just looking for trouble. He is constantly rude to Sam, and isnt bothered by what anyone else thinks of him. Throughout the novel, we see slight changes in Bretts behaviours and attitudes. We first see signs of this when Brett first decides to run away from The Farm. After catching him running away and driving Brett to Mungindi, as he is about to drive off and leave Brett, Sam reminds him by saying, just remember Brett, only you can change your life (pg. 86), in hopes Brett will think about what he says and return back to The Farm. Sam also tells Brett that he believes in giving people second chances. As Brett comes to realise what the consequence of him running away would be (going to jail), he decides to return back to The Farm. This is the first sign of change taking place in Brett. We begin to see more change in Bretts attitude when he is asked to help out building the stable, Brett is willing to take on Sams offer, as woodwork is something he enjoys. Another moment is when Brett saves Robbie (frog) from the drug dealer and sticks up for him. He was willing to fight to help Robbie, as he is almost like a little brother to him, and wants to set a good example. Brett sets a good example when he tells Smiling Joe, I dont want to fight, just let me take the kid. Brett continues to show his changing attitudes throughout the course of the novel. Towards the end, Brett finally has given up his old ways, when he was fighting with Caitlyns dad. Suddenly, Brett realised he was tired. Tired of fighting. Tired of the pain. He couldnt keep solving his problems with his fists. He wanted out. He wanted a normal life, (pg. 332). This is Bretts breaking point in the novel. It reveals his realisation for a normal life, and doesnt want to have to keeping fighting to solve all of his problems. Even though Brett ended up in jail, he was still changed by The Farm in a positive way, he learned how to trust, make friends, he learned not everyone hates him even though he may think so, and he learned that violence it not always the answer and there are other ways to solve problems rather than using his fists. Josh Collins has been living at The Farm for three years, and works as a stable hand. Josh is a good example that an institution can have varying effects on individuals, in Joshs case a positive one. Josh respects Sam and follows his instructions, because he knows if he does this, he will then be rewarded. Josh originally came to The Farm for breaking into cars and other criminal acts, the reason for this behaviour being he was sexually abused by his stepfather, although we do not learn this until the near end of the novel. Josh has a strong dislike for Tyson as he dislikes people who dont make any effort to change their lives. Josh tells Brett that if he can put his life back together than anyone can. Even though Josh seems strong and positive on the outside, he has become extremely reliant on The Farm and its resources, he has no where else to go. In the real world Josh wouldnt cope. This can be a negative effect on him. But overall The Farm has had a positive impact on Josh. Tyson is quite the opposite of Josh, he is considered as a thug and believes he is the king of The Farm, the only person in this place who does own anything is me (pg. 115). Tyson has no willingness to conform or change his attitude in any way, shape or form, as he has been through loads of detention centres, which have made no impact on him whatsoever. Tysons tough guy attitude, is his barrier stopping him from making any change in his attitude. He is constantly looking for a fights, and frequently picks on Brett, always calling him pretty boy. Although we dont see what Tyson is like when he is first brought into The Farm, we can tell that he has not been effected by the institution at all, as he has no willingness to do so. Robbie Scully, often called Frog, is a 12 year old boy who was sent to The Farm for stealing from a local store. Because he is only young and is constantly surrounded by older and more intimidating inmates, Robbie is considered a tadpole. Robbie is very compliant with all the rules and respects Sam and his rules. Robbie never wants any trouble and begins to grow a good relationship with Brett, who some what acts as an older brother figure. We can tell that Robbie is scared by the other inmates when he asks Brett if he can teach him to fight, because he wants to learn how to defend himself if he ever gets into any trouble. Even though The Farm has taught Robbie a lesson, I dont think it was the right institution for Robbie to be sent for what he did, as he is too young. Robbie has learnt from his mistakes, and knows what he did was wrong. So The Farm has had a positive effect on Robbies attitude and ways. The statement, institutions can have varying effects on individuals, I believe is true. An institution such as The Farm, can have a positive effect if you are willing to make the change yourself, such as Brett, Josh and Robbie, these individuals learnt from their mistakes and came to trust and respect Sam, especially Brett, who learned that Sam is no old fool after all. Whereas Tyson, is the complete opposite, he is unwilling to throw away his ego, and do what is best for him, He is not willing to change, therefore The Farm will not have any effect on him at all.

The Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact of 1939

The Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact of 1939 On August 23, 1939, representatives from Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union met and signed the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact (also called the German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact and the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact), a mutual promise made by the two leaders  guaranteeing that neither would attack the other. With the imminence  of World War II becoming ever clearer, signing the pact guaranteed Germany protection against the necessity of fighting a two-front war. The Soviet Union  was awarded land in return, including parts of Poland and the Baltic States, as part of a secret addendum. The pact was broken when Nazi Germany attacked the Soviet Union less than two years later, on June 22, 1941. Why Did Hitler Want the Pact? Germanys role in a two-front war in World War I had split its forces, weakening and undermining their offensive strength.   As he prepared for war in 1939, German dictator Adolf Hitler was determined not to repeat the same mistakes. While hed hoped to acquire Poland without force (as he had annexed Austria the year before), the necessity to diminish the possibility of a two-front war as a consequence of the invasion was clear. Thus negotiation for Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact was born. The Two Sides Meet On August 14, 1939, German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop contacted the Soviets to arrange a deal. Ribbentrop met with the Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov in Moscow, and together they arranged two pacts: the economic agreement and the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact. The Economic Agreement The first pact was an economic trade agreement, which Ribbentrop and Molotov signed on August 19, 1939. The agreement, which proved instrumental in helping Germany bypass the British blockade during the early years of World War II, committed the Soviet Union to provide food products and raw materials to Germany in exchange for products such as German machinery for the Soviet Union. The Non-Aggression Pact On August 23, 1939- four days after the economic agreement was signed and a little over a week before the beginning of World War II- Ribbentrop and Molotov signed the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact. Publicly, this agreement stated that Germany and the Soviet Union would not attack each other and that any problem that might arise between the two countries was to be handled amicably. The pact, which was supposed to have lasted 10 years, lasted less than two. Terms of the pact included the provision that if Germany attacked Poland, the Soviet Union would not come to its aid. Thus, if Germany went to war against the West (especially France and Great Britain) over Poland, the Soviets were guaranteeing that they would not enter the war. This would block the opening of a second front for Germany. In addition to the agreement, Ribbentrop and Molotov added a secret protocol to the pact- a secret addendum whose existence was denied by the Soviets until 1989. To the Chancellor of the German Reich, Herr A. Hitler,I thank you for your letter. I hope that the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact will mark a decisive turn for the better in the political relations between our two countries.J. Stalin* The Secret Protocol The secret protocol held an agreement between the Nazis and the Soviets that greatly affected Eastern Europe. In exchange for the Soviets pledging to decline engagement in the imminent war, Germany gave the Soviets the Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania), leaving Poland to be divided between the two along the Narew, Vistula, and San rivers. The territory restructuring provided the Soviet Union a level of protection from a Western invasion via an inland buffer. It would need that buffer in 1941. Pact Unfolds, Then Unravels When Nazis attacked Poland on the morning of September 1, 1939, the Soviets stood by and watched. Two days later, World War II began with the British declaration of war on Germany. Soviets rolled into eastern Poland on September 17 to occupy their sphere of influence as designated in the secret protocol. The Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact effectively barred the Soviet Union from joining the fight against Germany, thus affording Germany success in its attempt to safeguard its borders from a two-front war. The Nazis and the Soviets kept the terms of the pact and the protocol until Germanys surprise attack and invasion of the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941.

Planning Phase of the Jalupa Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Planning Phase of the Jalupa Company - Case Study Example The cause of action is to generate a decent investment that will see the strategy take off for the next 5 years. The facts that support this problem definition are that Kaluga has already created a JalupaBook that will see it reap higher returns. Another fact is that the margins will remain without having to split them into other costs. Â  The future of the Kaluga solution is that will attract more clients from different age groups in a bid to keep the margins constant. This is because it will incorporate different technological advancements to control its market share. I want the new system to bring together users with different musical instrument requirements to interact and share their experiences. Â  Dave D, who is the Marketing Group Vice President, is the individual who has shown interest in the outcome of the project. He is the best person for the project because of his vast experience in the industry, political connections, and expertise in musical instrument marketing. Â  This initiative shall start in 5 years time because of impending considerations of sourcing for funds and sponsorships. The prevalence of e-marketing and social media are the internal or external events that take place to justify the date to be the perfect one. Â  The completion date shall be 2020 because the JalugaBook shall have gained prominence among the new users and advertisers. This is the best date because all stakeholders will have understood the significance of conducting online businesses. Â  There are a number of risks that the management fears might affect their planning strategies. For instance, the operational fear is the creation of JalugaBook since this is the organization’s first project in this field of online commerce. As a result, it might prove difficult to attract consumers and advertisers because some of them may not be comfortable conducting online business.

Madonna and Child by Duccio di Buoninsegna Essay

Madonna and Child by Duccio di Buoninsegna - Essay Example The rough parts of the background also prove the painting’s current condition. The painting shows the picture of the Virgin holding her child (Christ). The virgin is adorned in black clothing while the child has brighter clothing. The Virgin's face and the inner parts of the clothing are also bright. The edges of the clothing also contrast sharply with the outer black part since they have been painted with a golden thin line. All these parts of the virgin and the child have been set on a golden background, which is somehow rough. The roughness in the background is slightly because of the rough patterns especially the ones on the ends of the painting just beneath the frame. On the virgin’s head is a halo. The virgin seems to be in a seated posture and the child is on her lap. She is also keenly looking at her child whose gaze is also directed towards the mother. The child’s hand also seems extended towards the mother’s veil as it pushes this part of her clothing probably with an aim of getting a better glimpse. One of the notable elements of the painting is the gaze between the mother and the child, which is mostly used to represent the future of a child, which would be full of pain and tribulations. The same future is also depicted by the luminous parts of the Virgin's garments. As seen earlier, the outer part of the mother’s garment is somehow dull. However, the inner parts of her garments are luminous, which is also used to represent the discussed element of the child’s future. The halo on the Virgin's head is probably used to depict her holiness. In addition, the mother ways of holding the child also depict the child’s humanism though she is of a godly descent. The painting is among the artworks in the Byzantine period, which were mainly influenced by biblical stories.  

Tata Motors Essay Example for Free

Tata Motors Essay Description: The Tata Motors Limited SWOT Analysis company profile is the essential source for top-level company data and information. Tata Motors Limited SWOT Analysis examines the company’s key business structure and operations, history and products, and provides summary analysis of its key revenue lines and strategy. Tata Motors (or the company) is one of the leading automotive vehicle manufacturing companies in India. The company is engaged in the development, design, manufacture, assembly, and sale of vehicles including financing, as well as sale of related parts and accessories. The company primarily operates India, South Korea, South Africa, Thailand, Bangladesh, Singapore, Spain, and the UK. It is headquartered in Mumbai, India and employs about 49,856 people. The company recorded revenues of INR925,192.5 million ($19,530.8 million) during the financial year ended March 2010 (FY2010), an increase of 30.5% over FY2009. The operating profit of the company was INR42,288.3 million ($892.7 million) during FY2010, as compared to the operating loss of INR6,580 million ($138.9 million) in FY2009. The net profit was INR25,710.6 million ($542.8 million) in FY2010, as compared to the net loss of INR25,052.5 million ($528.8 million) in FY2009. Scope of the Report Provides all the crucial information on Tata Motors Limited required for business and competitor intelligence needs Contains a study of the major internal and external factors affecting Tata Motors Limited in the form of a SWOT analysis as well as a breakdown and examination of leading product revenue stre ams of Tata Motors Limited -Data is supplemented with details on Tata Motors Limited history, key executives, business description, locations and subsidiaries as well as a list of products and services and the latest available statement from Tata Motors Limited Reasons to Purchase Support sales activities by understanding your customers’ businesses better Qualify prospective partners and suppliers Keep fully up to date on your competitors’ business structure, strategy and prospects Obtain the most up to date company information available Contents: SWOT COMPANY PROFILE: Tata Motors Limited Key Facts: Tata Motors Limited Company Overview: Tata Motors Limited Business Description: Tata Motors Limited Company History: Tata Motors Limited Key Employees: Tata Motors Limited Key Employee Biographies: Tata Motors Limited Products Services Listing: Tata Motors Limited Products Services Analysis: Tata Motors Limited SWOT analysis: Tata Motors Limited -Strengths: Tata Motors Limited -Weaknesses: Tata Motors Limited -Opportunities: Tata Motors Limited -Threats: Tata Motors Limited Company View: Tata Motors Limited Top Competitors: Tata Motors Limited Location and Subsidiary: Tata Motors Limited -Head Office: Tata Motors Limited -Other Locations and Subsidiaries: Tata Motors Limited Ordering: Order Online http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/554957/ Order by Fax using the form below Order by Post print the order form below and send to Research and Markets, Guinness Centre, Taylors Lane, Dublin 8, Ireland. 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insider trading :: essays research papers

Preliminary Note to Rule 10b5-1: This provision defines when a purchase or sale constitutes trading "on the basis of" material nonpublic information in insider trading cases brought under Section 10(b) of the Act and Rule 10b-5 thereunder. The law of insider trading is otherwise defined by judicial opinions construing Rule 10b-5, and Rule 10b5-1 does not modify the scope of insider trading law in any other respect. a. General. The "manipulative and deceptive devices" prohibited by Section 10(b) of the Act and Rule 10b-5 thereunder include, among other things, the purchase or sale of a security of any issuer, on the basis of material nonpublic information about that security or issuer, in breach of a duty of trust or confidence that is owed directly, indirectly, or derivatively, to the issuer of that security or the shareholders of that issuer, or to any other person who is the source of the material nonpublic information. b. Definition of "on the basis of." Subject to the affirmative defenses in paragraph (c) of this section, a purchase or sale of a security of an issuer is "on the basis of" material nonpublic information about that security or issuer if the person making the purchase or sale was aware of the material nonpublic information when the person made the purchase or sale. c. Affirmative defenses. 1. i. Subject to paragraph (c)(1)(ii) of this section, a person's purchase or sale is not "on the basis of" material nonpublic information if the person making the purchase or sale demonstrates that: A. Before becoming aware of the information, the person had: 1. Entered into a binding contract to purchase or sell the security, 2. Instructed another person to purchase or sell the security for the instructing person's account, or 3. Adopted a written plan for trading securities; B. The contract, instruction, or plan described in paragraph (c)(1)(i)(A) of this Section: 1. Specified the amount of securities to be purchased or sold and the price at which and the date on which the securities were to be purchased or sold; 2. Included a written formula or algorithm, or computer program, for determining the amount of securities to be purchased or sold and the price at which and the date on which the securities were to be purchased or sold; or 3. Did not permit the person to exercise any subsequent influence over how, when, or whether to effect purchases or sales; provided, in addition, that any other person who, pursuant to the contract, instruction, or plan, did exercise such influence must not have been aware of the material nonpublic information when doing so; and

Ethics in health services and policy a global approach Essay

Ethical dilemma Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ethics is the study of sensible thinking. Nurses face moral dilemmas on their daily practices. Ethical activities depend on several factors. What one person consider as moral may be different from another person’s approach of the circumstances? Nurses encounter ethical dilemma regardless of where they function in wide-ranging tasks. These principled decisions can have a collision to the nurses as well as their patients. In general, there is no apposite decision to a moral dilemma. An ethical dilemma can be defined as a quandary without satisfying solution. The significance of moral decision making depend on the perception that regardless of numerous ethical alternatives made pertaining to a given ethical dilemma, the resultant choice can pose to neither right nor wrong judgment. Ethics involve doing right and causing no impairment. However, definition of principles varies from one nurse to the other. Ethical guideline classes provid e the nurse with suitable tools to base moral decisions upon. Though, these principles are habitually shaped by the beliefs, values and knowledge of the nurse. Accordingly, various choices may be raised concerning the identical impasse.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are assorted ethical distresses that nurses can come across in the place of work. They include: freedom versus control, quality versus quantity of life, truth telling versus deception, pro-choice versus pro-life, empirical knowledge versus personal beliefs, and distribution of resources. Quantity might focus on an individual life span whereas quantity focuses on the number of citizens who will be influenced by the judgment. Quality address the goodness of life of a person, but it varies depending on how a person defines â€Å"good†. For example; the nurse’s position in supporting the patient deciding among a therapy that will lengthen life, but comprehending the quality of life. The patient’s life may be extended, but will experience major unattractive effects from the therapy. Nurses are called upon to use moral perceptions in delivering patient care.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ethical perceptions include provision of accurate, good and coherent care. Patients necessitate to be offered prospects to put across their autonomy of preference in determining how they desire to be attended and in acquiring services. Ethical nurses identify that they are obliged to offer individualized care which will help the patient to realize their highest welfare. Ethical nursing care is based on lucid decision making and science. There are four fundamental concepts which are significant to a proficient nursing practice. They include: respect for patient self-rule, the task to operate with generosity, no mischief and justice. Nurses present respect to the patient self-rule by enhancing and recognizing a patient’s freedom of preference, respect their opinions, and providing privacy. The National League for Nursing issued a statement which highlights patient rights. Nurses are expected to encourage the rights of patients and adv ocate for patient’s who are unaware of their rights.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nurses exhibit generosity by helping patients to attain their highest welfare. This can be attained by developing health care policies that affect large population or provision of direct care to individual patients. Nurses are not allowed to cause any damage to their patients. This is the principal of non-mischief. Nurses often do have to perform operations which make the patients uncomfortable. For example, when a nurse is administering an injection to the patient. Patients need medication to relief the sicknesses, though, in the process of relieving the symptom, the nurse might cause distress. Non-mischief must be balanced by kindness, while providing patient care. The intention of the nurse provides a treatment whose gain must outweigh the discomfort caused. The nurse aim must be to assist rather than causing impairment. Equality and justice in nursing care is usually linked to the delivery of services. The current health care restructu ring strategy is an end result of people acknowledging that the present health care structure requires streamlining. Controversy arises over what is practical, fair, and efficiently realistic.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nurses are involved at every phase of current health care classification, assisting with policy development and decision making. Professionals propose that nursing concept of ethical care is outstanding case and needs staid implementation throughout the nursing practice. It is related to medical replica of ethics since it deals with life and death matters. The nursing model is one of the personal patient empowerment. Ethical nurses control health care reform plan which put emphasis on healing even in situations where curing is impossible. It position quality of life at the front line. Ethical dilemmas which the nurses face everyday are diverse. They include assorted topics such as end of life care and staffing ratios.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nurses might face ethical dilemma as they attend patients with disabilities which might position them at peril for self-harm. For instance, an aged patient might be eager to stroll without directive. The nurse desires to endorse patient sovereignty, though the possibility of patient harm because of falling may be large. The dilemma is how to balance the contrasting situations. The nurse is in a dilemma to choose which one is more significant between security and independence. Each family, patient and health care staff faces these challenges in daily basis. Momentous challenges may be experienced by nurses operating with parents who have infants with mental or physical disabilities. The nurse is left to decide whether it is moral to subject the infant to an inexperienced process which will impose pain if it provides them with distinct chance of survival. The nurses have to decide whether it is ethical to prolong life while the quality of li fe is being comprehended.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Recent research findings reveal that, nurses as caregivers central to health care, face a growing rate of ethical dilemma. The know-how is helping patients to endure serious sicknesses. However, recent studies disclose that people are surviving, but they are not living decent lives. Nurses have a task of executing clinical and educational operations which deal with the subject that professional care provides. The other dilemma is that there are insufficient health care resources across the world. The resources are also not equally scattered. The nurses are left to ensure that there is equitable distribution of health care resources. Patients from various cultures and personal experiences may present with different opinions of what is moral. The nurse can serve as resource to make sure that every individual feels that their opinions were considered. They have to decide who should get the scarce resources? For instance, nurses working with p atients living in vegetative state; nurses decide whether these patients should be left on life maintenance? The outlay of sustaining these patients is high. The patients might be consuming possessions that could be utilized by patients whom such expensive interventions, if reachable, could set aside their lives. The dilemma is determining the position of the nurse when a family wishes to go on with life hold up for a medically ineffective patient.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion, ethical principles are very noteworthy in the nursing practices since they direct the nurses to make their every day decisions. The nurses, however, face ethical dilemma since they are not able to settle to a superior decision. Nursing is a profession that requires a lot of decision making since they are working to save patient lives, though they are required to make decisions depending on the code of ethics. References Blasi, A. E. (2012). An Ethical Dilemma. Journal of Legal Medicine, 33(1), 115-128. Burkhardt, M. A., & Nathaniel, A. K. (2008). Ethics & issues in contemporary nursing (3rd ed.). Clifton Park, NY: Thomson Delmar Learning. Butts, J. B., & Rich, K. (2008). Nursing ethics: across the curriculum and into practice (2nd ed.). Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Garber, P. R. (2008). The ethical dilemma. Amherst, Mass.: HRD Press. Garber, P. R. (2008). The ethical dilemma. Amherst, Mass.: HRD Press. Harris, D. M. (2011). Ethics in health services and policy a global approach. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Harris, D. M. (2011). Ethics in health services and policy a global approach. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Hendrick, J. (2000). Law and ethics in nursing and health care. Cheltenham: Stanley Thornes. Hoffman, J. (2003). A Knotty Ethical Dilemma. Emergency Medicine News, 25(1), 36. Johnstone, M. (2007). Clinical risk management and the ethics of open disclosure when things go wrong: Implications for the nursing profession. Australasian Emergency Nursing Journal, 10(4), 215-216. Liaschenko, J., & Peter, E. (2004). Nursing ethics and conceptualizations of nursing: profession, practice and work. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 46(5), 488-495. Retrieved February 8, 2009, from http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03011.x Linzer, N. (2003). An Ethical Dilemma in Volunteer Professional Relationships. Social Thought, 22(4), 37-51. Lowe, M. (2000). Ethical dilemma. A question of competence. Age and Ageing, 29(2), 179-182. Martin, C. W., Vaught, W., & Solomon, R. C. (2010). Ethics across the professions: a reader for professional ethics. New York: Oxford University Press. Mcmahon, R. L. (2003). An ethical dilemma in a hospice setting. Palliative & Supportive Care, 1(01), 35. Miller, S., & Selgelid, M. J. (2008). Ethical and philosophical consideration of the dual-use dilemma in the biological sciences. New York: Springer. Monga, M. (2007). An Ethical Dilemma. Monash Business Review, 3(3), 34-35. Pattison, S. (2010). Emerging values in health care the challenge for professionals. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Spector, T. (2001). The ethical architect: the dilemma of contemporary practice. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. Spector, T. (2001). The ethical architect: the dilemma of contemporary practice. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. Tschudin, V. (2003). Approaches to ethics: nursing beyond boundaries. Edinburgh: Butterworth-Heinemann. Tschudin, V., & Davis, A. J. (2008). The globalisation of nursing. Oxford: Radcliffe Pub.. APA formatting by BibMe.org. Source document

Psychological Manipulation and Physical Control in 1984 Essay

Through the years many governments have tried to control their people through many different ways. However, none of those civilizations came even close to the amount of control that the government displayed in George Orwell’s 1984 had over its’ people. The government of 1984 addressed the task of controlling the people through two main techniques. These two techniques the government used were psychological manipulation and physical control to rule over the people. The government (also known as Big Brother) bombards the people of the civilization with rules, regulations and other methodical methods that cause the people to be anti-individualistic. The people are so focused on fallowing the laws in order to prevent the harsh penalties for breaking the law. These penalties for breaking the law ranged anywhere from the death sentence to many different forms of psychological torture modus operandi. One crime that the people could commit was called a thought crime. A thought crime was any thought that was not in line with Big Brother’s ideology. Not only does this control the people directly through the people’s actual thoughts (psychological manipulation) but it also dictates them physically through how Big Brother determines if someone is committing the thought crime. Big Brother determines a thought crime through using cameras everywhere and they examine the reactions on the face of the people and what they say to find out how they feel about what Big Brother is doing. This physically controls the people because it makes them not display any opposition to the government. Another example that concerns to Big Brother controlling the people was by the way that Big Brother had children brought up. The government brought the children into the organization called the â€Å"Junior Spies†. Once the children were in this organization they were taught and trained to betray their parents by being additional eyes and ears for Big Brother. This form of control psychologically manipulates families not to talk about anything that would display individuality. In addition to the psychological manipulation, this form of government controls the people physically through the reformation of how families interact with each other. Yet another example of Big Brother controlling its’ people is by taking away the passion and the enjoyment out of the bedroom. In the society that Big Brother establishes sex as something that should only be used for the reproduction to keep the population up. Sex is supposed to not be enjoyed and only done by specified members of the inner party. Sex expresses individualism and free thought, so by psychologically manipulating the people to not like sex they are eliminating more individualism in their society. Big Brother also displays another example of controlling the people by instilling nationalism in them. Big Brother takes the problems in the society and uses them to say that other parties and cultures are the reasons for their faults. This creates hatred in the people and stirs up emotional responses against the other parties and cultures. The way that the government does this is very similar to the propaganda tactics used by Adolf Hitler in Nazi Germany and also by Joseph Stalin in Communist Russia. The nationalistic propaganda is how Big Brother psychologically manipulates the population of the civilization. One last example of Big Brother psychologically manipulating the people is observed through the posters that the government hangs up. All around the civilization you are able to find posters that say â€Å"Big Brother Is Watching You! † This is a scare tactic that the government uses. Big Brother uses fear by creating an environment in which the people are constantly reminded that that they are being watched for disloyalty to the almighty government. That is how Big Brother manages to use posters to psychologically manipulate the people. There are countless examples of how Big Brother dominates these people lives through the use of psychological manipulation and physical control. The government uses their totalitarian power to strictly enforce its’ ideological control over the people. The people are trapped in a government which is full of so much propaganda and other psychological/physically abusive tactics that the people have grown accustom to the society that Big Brother creates for them.

Free Essays on Isaac Newton

Newton was an English physicist and mathematician who was born into a poor-farming family. He was not a good farmer at all. So he was sent to Cambridge to study to become a preacher. He then was influenced by Euclid to study mathematics. That was around the time when he made most of his significant discoveries. With his ignorance he waited to later in life to show the world his calculations. Which he didn’t publish most of his work. Newton suffered a mental breakdown in 1675 and was still recovering in 1679. He continued his calculations of the orbits of the planets. Again, he didn’t publish his calculations. After a while he started devoting his time to theological speculation and put the calculations on elliptical motion aside. Which he lied to Halley telling him he had lost them. Halley who then became interested in orbits, finally had become interested in orbits, then he convinced Newton to expand and publish his calculations. He spent from August 1684 till spring 1686 to this task. After he had published them in result became one of the most important and influential works on physics of all time. In book 1 of Principia, Newton opened with definitions and the tree laws of motion now known as Newton’s Law (laws of inertia, action and reaction, and acceleration proportional to force). Book 2 presented Newton’s new scientific philosophy, which came to replace Cartesianism. Finally, book 3 consisted of applications of his dynamics, including an explanation for tides and a theory of lunar motion. He then made another theory which he sooner confirmed, that when Saturn gets close to Jupiter it slows down cause of the universal gravitational pull. Then Flamsteed wrote back in great surprise that he was right. They then did really close observation to make sure they were right. These rules were stated in the Principia and proposed that (1) we are to admit no more causes of natural things such as are both true and... Free Essays on Isaac Newton Free Essays on Isaac Newton Newton was an English physicist and mathematician who was born into a poor-farming family. He was not a good farmer at all. So he was sent to Cambridge to study to become a preacher. He then was influenced by Euclid to study mathematics. That was around the time when he made most of his significant discoveries. With his ignorance he waited to later in life to show the world his calculations. Which he didn’t publish most of his work. Newton suffered a mental breakdown in 1675 and was still recovering in 1679. He continued his calculations of the orbits of the planets. Again, he didn’t publish his calculations. After a while he started devoting his time to theological speculation and put the calculations on elliptical motion aside. Which he lied to Halley telling him he had lost them. Halley who then became interested in orbits, finally had become interested in orbits, then he convinced Newton to expand and publish his calculations. He spent from August 1684 till spring 1686 to this task. After he had published them in result became one of the most important and influential works on physics of all time. In book 1 of Principia, Newton opened with definitions and the tree laws of motion now known as Newton’s Law (laws of inertia, action and reaction, and acceleration proportional to force). Book 2 presented Newton’s new scientific philosophy, which came to replace Cartesianism. Finally, book 3 consisted of applications of his dynamics, including an explanation for tides and a theory of lunar motion. He then made another theory which he sooner confirmed, that when Saturn gets close to Jupiter it slows down cause of the universal gravitational pull. Then Flamsteed wrote back in great surprise that he was right. They then did really close observation to make sure they were right. These rules were stated in the Principia and proposed that (1) we are to admit no more causes of natural things such as are both true and...

Eastern University Admissions and Tuition

Eastern University Admissions and Tuition Eastern University Admissions Overview: Eastern University is not highly selective, as it has a 61% acceptance rate. Students will generally need solid grades and test scores in order to be admitted. To apply, prospective students need to submit a completed application (online or through the mail), scores from the SAT or ACT, an academic reference, and a high school transcript. There is an essay question students can choose to respond to, although it is not required. Will You Get In? Calculate Your Chances of Getting In  with this free tool from Cappex Admissions Data (2016): Eastern University Acceptance Rate: 61%Test Scores 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 470 / 570SAT Math: 460 / 570SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanACT Composite: 19  / 23ACT English: 18 / 24ACT Math: 17  / 25What these ACT numbers mean Eastern University Description: A Christian university affiliated with the American Baptist Churches USA, Eastern University is located on a suburban campus in St. Davids, Pennsylvania, just west of Philadelphia  (see  all Philadelphia area colleges). Started as a department of the Eastern Baptist Theological Seminary in 1925, the University became its own entity in 1952, moving to its present location. Eastern University is committed to an education grounded in Christian faith, reasoning, and justice. The main undergraduate campus offers 35 majors and 34 minors (some of the most common majors include business, finance, and ministry), and professional fields such as education and nursing are quite popular. The universitys 14 to 1 student to faculty ratio allows for small classes and opportunities for students to work with their professors on a more individual basis. On the athletic front, the Eastern Eagles compete in the NCAA Division III Middle Atlantic Conferences. The college fields seven mens and nine wome ns intercollegiate sports as well as several club sports. Enrollment (2016): Total Enrollment: 3,420  (2,082 undergraduate)Gender Breakdown: 30% Male / 70% Female85% Full-time Costs (2016 - 17): Tuition and Fees: $31,140Books: $1,200 (why so much?)Room and Board: $10,674Other Expenses: $3,330Total Cost: $46,344 Eastern University Financial Aid (2015- 16): Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 100%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 100%Loans: 76%Average Amount of AidGrants: $21,137Loans: $8,316 Academic Programs: Most Popular Majors:  Business Administration, Elementary Education, Nursing, Psychology, Youth MinistryWhat major is right for you?  Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Transfer, Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 78%4-Year Graduation Rate: 55%6-Year Graduation Rate: 65% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Track and Field, Baseball, Basketball, Golf, Soccer, Lacrosse, Tennis, Cross Country  Womens Sports:  Basketball, Volleyball, Tennis, Track and Field, Cross Country, Soccer, Field Hockey, Softball Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics Eastern and the Common Application Eastern University uses the  Common Application. These articles can help guide you: Common Application essay tips and samplesShort answer tips and samplesSupplemental essay tips and samples If You Like Eastern University, You May Also Like These Schools: Drexel University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphArcadia University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphLa Salle University: Profile  Pennsylvania State University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphCabrini College: Profile  Marywood University: Profile  Albright College: Profile  Shippenburg University of Pennsylvania: ProfileAlvernia University: Profile  Temple University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphMessiah College: Profile  Liberty University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBloomsburg University of Pennsylvania: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph